French parliamentary testimony records street demonstrations in Paris from October 2023. In Copenhagen, police attended 165 demonstrations related to the Middle East conflict in 2024.
Read the Paris reporting Read the Copenhagen police figures 2026 updates Read the protest and court records study Paris · 7 November 2026
Protest data · ACLEDACLED recorded more campus demonstrations in May 2024 than in April, while reported incidents of violence at those protests declined.
Public opinion · Pew Research CenterA February 2024 survey measured how Americans of different ages viewed Israel’s reasons for fighting Hamas.
Providence · Case studyThe encampment agreement secured a vote. The governing corporation rejected the proposal in October.
Netherlands · AmsterdamThe university cancelled classes for two days. It later put the cost of damage and disruption at €4.13 million.
United Kingdom · CambridgeAfter talks with student protesters, the university announced a working group to examine its approach to responsible investment.
Utrecht · Case studyA fact-finding timeline documents the May protests and police response.
London · Case studyThe university addressed scholarship and policy demands after a building occupation.
France · Country coverageCampus debate in Paris and the national protest record.
Germany · Country coverageA protest camp shut a teaching complex. Berlin also reported how many officers it sent to a separate march, but published no bill for that operation.
ItalyThe University of Turin’s senate opted out of a 2024 call for joint Italian–Israeli research proposals.
ItalyA Gaza solidarity strike blocked roads into Italian ports. Regional trains serving Rome were delayed or cancelled.
SpainSpain’s university rectors announced a review of some agreements with Israeli institutions in May 2024.
SpainThe Vuelta cancelled its final stage in Madrid after protests interrupted the race.
BelgiumGhent’s decision to end selected collaborations met the rules of European research consortia.
BelgiumThe rector’s account traces negotiation alongside a review of research ties.
SwedenA tent camp opened in Lundagård on May 14, 2024, prompting a university response.
SwedenA petition and a later meeting brought activists’ demands to university leadership.
Ireland
A 2024 encampment agreement led to a formal review of investments and institutional ties.
Ireland
Trinity’s May 2024 announcement records the terms of the agreement and the support it had arranged for students from Gaza.
Switzerland
EPFL’s updates document a cancelled class, a police evacuation and a later town hall.
Switzerland
ETH Zurich’s account documents its response to a May 2024 sit-in in its main building.
Denmark
The rectorate paused dialogue while pursuing public access to investment holdings.
Denmark
A student council paper traces the difference between selling holdings and changing how future investments are screened.
Norway
A May 2024 decision drew a line between the university’s ceasefire appeal and its approach to academic ties.
Norway
The board paused a student exchange while preserving individual research collaboration.
Finland
The university’s May 2024 decision affected two Israeli partner institutions.
Finland
Participant accounts document demands that extended beyond exchanges.
Iceland
Student walkouts put demands to two Reykjavík institutions. A separate street protest led to nine compensation claims, all unsuccessful.
Iceland
The recognition debate and the 2024–2028 development policy provide a baseline for reading later activism.
Austria
The University of Vienna student union documents the May 2024 dispersal and subsequent legal review.
Austria
The May 2024 roll call records Austria’s position on expanded Palestinian participation.
Portugal
The Portuguese government announced formal recognition on September 21, 2025.
Portugal
A July 2025 government statement described the consultations preceding recognition.
Greece
The incident appears in a wider review of demonstrations across Europe in October 2024.
Greece
The May 2024 roll call records Greece among 143 votes in favour.
Poland
The university’s archive brings together examination notices and governing body statements.
Poland
Government records trace public funding through UN agencies and Polish aid organisations.
Czechia
The United Nations roll call records the Czech position in May 2024.
Czechia
Government records identify funding through Caritas Jerusalem and the World Food Programme.
Hungary
Hungary’s delegate set out the government’s reasoning after the May 2024 vote.
Hungary
Programme records describe educational support and what a participant survey measured.
Romania
The May 2024 roll call records Romania among 25 abstaining states.
Romania
State reserve records and a health ministry notice describe two channels of assistance.
Bulgaria
The voting record places Bulgaria alongside Romania among the abstentions.
Bulgaria
A December 2024 agreement records a contribution channel for health assistance.
Croatia
The May 2024 roll call records Croatia’s position on expanded observer rights.
Croatia
Government records trace a 400-tonne donation from cabinet approval to a later delivery report.
Slovenia
Government records trace the process from its opening in May 2024 to diplomatic relations in June.
Slovenia
A June 2024 allocation specifies UN agencies and a third channel for rehabilitation or emergency assistance.
Serbia
The May 2024 roll call places Serbia among the 143 states that supported the resolution.
Serbia
A May 2024 cabinet decision listed nearly 900 tonnes of goods and several routes for shipment.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
A UN roll call and a later diplomatic account document the country’s 2024 position.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
A Council of Ministers decision focused on Palestinian citizens with family ties to the country.
Montenegro
The May 2024 roll call records Montenegro among 143 votes in favour.
Montenegro
Cabinet and diplomatic records document support for civilians in Gaza.
North Macedonia
The May 2024 UN vote records a different position from neighbouring Montenegro.
North Macedonia
The UN record distinguishes a humanitarian vote from the later vote on observer participation.
Albania
The roll calls record support for a humanitarian ceasefire and a later abstention on observer rights.
Albania
Foreign ministry and defence ministry records trace a diplomatic commitment to a signed agreement.
Kosovo
A February 2024 meeting documented Kosovo’s stance on Gaza alongside bilateral talks.
Kosovo
The UN mission in Kosovo and General Assembly membership serve different functions.
Estonia
The May 2024 roll call records Estonia among 143 countries voting in favour.
Estonia
An aid announcement identifies three UN agencies and a separate shipment to Israel.
Latvia
The May 2024 General Assembly vote places Latvia among 25 abstentions.
Latvia
The November 2023 decision named two UN agencies and Israel’s emergency medical service.
Lithuania
The May 2024 UN roll call records Lithuania among 25 abstentions.
Lithuania
The development cooperation report identifies a €100,000 contribution through UNRWA.
Slovakia
The May 2024 roll call records Slovakia among 143 countries voting in favour.
Slovakia
Foreign ministry records document shipments coordinated with Cyprus and the United Arab Emirates.
Cyprus
A cancelled Greek port call turned Limassol into an alternative stop.
Cyprus
A UK parliamentary briefing traces local protests over claims about the bases’ role in the Gaza war.
Malta
Students used a scheduled visit to MCAST to challenge the European Parliament president publicly.
Malta
Protesters called for recognition and sanctions. Government records document the diplomatic action that followed.
Luxembourg
Council records describe a breach of a police instruction and competing demands on officers.
Luxembourg
Police supervised 99 declared demonstrations. The minister did not publish an overtime bill.
Liechtenstein
Police records and reporting document an emergency response in October 2023.
Liechtenstein
The police annual report describes several demands on staffing. It gives no separate bill for the Vaduz evacuation.
Andorra
Traffic stopped in both directions on the main road between Spain and Andorra in October 2025.
Andorra
The Interior Ministry ultimately authorised the October 2025 gathering in Andorra la Vella.
Monaco
The palace records the diplomatic decision and the conditions Prince Albert II emphasised.
Monaco
The 2024 UN roll call and the 2025 recognition announcement record separate diplomatic decisions.
San Marino
Protest organisers publicly called for faster recognition in April 2025.
San Marino
Official records distinguish recognition from the later establishment of diplomatic relations.
Vatican City
Police blocked the march in Pisa. The Vatican’s news outlet documented the response.
Vatican City
A 2015 bilateral agreement provides context for the Holy See’s 2024 UN address.
Ukraine
An eyewitness account describes a small gathering and a hostile counterpresence outside the museum.
Ukraine
A Ukrainian fact-check traced an alleged July 2024 rally to a different square in May 2021.
Moldova
Organisers documented a route past government buildings, and Moldova’s Jewish community publicly objected to the event.
Moldova
The UN transcript records Moldova’s support for aid access and hostage release, as well as its condemnation of Hamas.
Russia
An antisemitic mob stormed an airport in Dagestan, forcing a closure and flight diversions.
Russia
The airport director reported about ₽20 million in restoration spending after the riot. A court recorded at least ₽24.7 million in damage to the operator’s property.
Belarus
A diplomatic observance recorded public support for Palestine and discussion of Gaza evacuations.
Belarus
The December 2023 UN roll call records Belarus among the 153 governments voting in favour.
Turkey
Police used tear gas and water cannon to break up the rally near Incirlik Air Base.
Turkey
Protesters broke coffee shop windows in Istanbul. There is no published total for the chain’s losses.
Georgia
Georgia’s interior ministry opened an administrative case after footage of an Israeli flag incident circulated.
Georgia
Two accounts document the gathering and speeches, with no verified public service interruption.
Armenia
Windows were broken at a synagogue in Yerevan. The records do not link the vandalism to a demonstration.
Armenia
The June 2024 announcement and a later UN statement document two diplomatic steps.
Azerbaijan
A fact-check traced a video labelled as Gaza solidarity to a July 2020 rally supporting Azerbaijan’s army.
Azerbaijan
Foreign ministry records describe a UNRWA contribution and a separate evacuation of Palestinian students.
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan flew more than 38 tonnes of aid to Egypt and brought 28 evacuees and family members back.
Kazakhstan
The UN roll call records Kazakhstan among the 153 votes in favour.
Uzbekistan
Police stopped the rally in Tashkent. Reports put the number of people briefly detained at about 100.
Uzbekistan
Three people received 15 days of administrative detention after police stopped the Tashkent rally.
Kyrgyzstan
Local reporting documents gatherings and a fundraiser in October 2023.
Kyrgyzstan
The public gatherings and a reported police summons show two different responses to wartime expression.
Tajikistan
A foreign ministry notice records 200 tonnes across a multinational initiative.
Tajikistan
A recorded ceasefire vote and a later General Assembly address show the country’s stated position.
CanadaAn Ontario court set a deadline to clear the University of Toronto’s Front Campus.
CanadaACLED counted demonstrations across Canada and the US. Toronto’s separate police budget records show what one city sought to recover.
AustraliaThe University of Sydney set out research transparency commitments as its encampment ended.
AustraliaMelbourne’s campus updates document an interruption at Arts West and a commitment on research grants.
See reported police expenditure, damage estimates, national fiscal research and country charts for migration and religious composition.
Each case identifies the institution, dates, outcome and original source. ACLED provides event data, Pew provides survey data, and university statements document decisions and reported costs. Campus cases describe individual institutions. National comparisons require a common definition of outcomes and comparable coverage across countries.